Sarah J. B, Suparna R, and Ethan B. F. . Learning and Remembering with Others: The Key Role of Retrieval in Shaping Group Recall and Collective Memory. Social Cognition. 30(1), 121-132. Article Abstract People frequently collaborate to learn and remember information, and this may help groups create shared representations of the world (i. e., collective memories). However, contrary to intuitions, collaboration also lowers group recall levels. Such impairment occurs regardless of whether people collaborate when first experiencing, or encoding, an event (the collaborative encoding deficit), or when retrieving, or remembering, the event (the collaborative inhibition effect). In understanding how collaboration impairs group recall and enhances shared, or collective, memories it remains unknown as to where collaboration exerts the greatest influence-at encoding or at retrieval-to shape these distinct phenomena. The current study simultaneously compared collaboration at these two stages and revealed the power of collaborative retrieval. Collaboration impaired the group recall product at both time points, but especially so at retrieval. Furthermore, only collaborative retrieval played a significant role in the formation of collective memories. Critique of the Article “ Learning and Remembering with Others” The article “ Learning and remembering with others…” is about experiments in psychology to investigate the ability of an individual to learn and remember when in isolation given the fact that the setting in the real world is that memory process is social. Collaboration is a wide spread idea and instrumental in helping individuals in construction of a shared representation of the world, it is at times detrimental to a group’s ability to recall. Sarah B, Suparna R and Ethan F sought to analyze the extent to which collaborative encoding will affect the recalling of information in a group. Although collaborative encoding has an effect in recalling information, developments from memory theory gives suggestions of powerful linkages being present between attention and memorizing. Hence maintaining something for a short period of time is similar to bringing the same item to focus, and therefore the research is insufficient to reach to the conclusion. The authors of the article involved 180 undergraduate students from Stony Brook University including 45 strangers who were to encode on an individual basis and at the same time encode collaboratively. Both the students and students were not able to bring out sufficient results due to the fact that in the process of encoding, each individual in a group is able to develop and organize information in an idiosyncratic manner. Therefore and individual in a group with set memory will definitely eliminate collaborative inhibition. One-hundred ninety five nouns were generated from MRC Psycholinguistic Database and they were unrelated. Words containing four to seven letters and one to one hundred per million word frequency, and four hundred to seven hundred in consistency, were used in the experiment. All these words were combined in a sixty five triads that were unrelated. The procedure used involved creating sentences from word triads in such a way that the first triad word should come earlier than the second word, which also comes earlier that the third word. An example is words such as bandages, cousin and boat. The words can be written in the form: the bandages on the arms of my cousin came off while he was on the boat. The author, in carrying out collaborative encoding conditions, involved the participants by making them work in various triads while altering the starting, continuing and the finishing of sentences. The person conducting the experiment had to designate the participant who was to add the specific part of a sentence and the order of participation rotated round in equilibrium. There was no imposing of time limit although most individuals took much time as compared to collaboration. All the participants had the responsibility of solving maze within a period of ten minutes. During group memory test, the participants were able to complete in less than ten minutes and in the final individual memory, the participants had to complete a free recall test within ten minutes. The results showed a significant effect on the retrieval in the nominal groups which outperformed collaborative groups based on the conditions of encoding and retrieval. The findings from the journal by Sarah B. et al (2012) indicate presence of collaborative inhibition following encoding on individual basis. Significant interactions were present during the encoding and retrieving of information in forming of memory. There was the presence of collaborative encoding deficit when an applicant was required to recall alone. The results also indicate that collaboration is damaging when it occurs during the process of retrieval. Despite having a deficit in collaborative encoding, use of collective recall, as brought out by the author, is essential because it is able to expose an individual to forgotten items. If learning and remembering with the help of others is important, then, collaborative retrieval is vital in shaping group recall and overall collective memory formation of individuals. Use of collaborative retrieval is important in ensuring groups members are able to develop an overlapping and collective memory which serves as a basic need for human beings to experience common factors in their beliefs, perceptions, and memories of each other. This process is important in trying to understand why people believe in collaboration between familiar and unfamiliar people in the society and its beneficiaries to memory.
Related Essay Samples
Course task project ii
The best treatment approach for this population is the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as it involves a change of both cognitive and behavior of the offenders which have landed them in juvenile correctional centers. This technique will address the specific cognitive ...
Essay on biological model cognitive model and humanistic existential model
This model is the most conclusive in terms of explaining and treatment of psychological disorders such as stress and phobia formed due to irrational thinking. This is the foundation of the unconventional and inescapable heap of negative thoughts in a ...
Developemental smart goal
I see my goal in life as similar to that of Nurse Leader Mary Breckenridge in that I know that nursing plays a very important role in the world today. This philosophy is one of the many forces that drive ...
Organizations are complex and comprised of diverse groups
The initial step in the creation of an efficient communication intervention is through the identification of different communication styles within the organization. It is necessary to communicate the new intervention in an easy manner to avoid the creation of further ...
Hanging bad study habits to good study habits
In order to achieve this, I will make sure that I read on the topics to be taught before the lesson starts. If I find myself doing the same, I will take a punishment of not listening to music in ...
Psychological research – being a wise consumer
In this scenario, as consumers of products and ideas based on psychological research, it is very important to develop the skill to objectively evaluate research claims. But random sampling and random assignment in experimental research remain the best means of ...
Free essay on history of animation
On Mickey Mouse character, Ubbe facilitated his success of parting ways with Walt Disney and starting to work on his own by carrying out most of the work in the film. In addition, the personality of Messmer that made most ...
Making decisions in groups
In this essay, the group " Hizb ut-Tahrir" will be taken as an example to illustrate the villainous stance of a group when done in extreme. The social psychological concepts that can be applied in group are the ill effect ...
Good example of all politics is personal essay
Although the doctor was his opponent, he realized that Wright was a good man and admitted that she did not want to disappoint Wright. Serving as a speaker, Wright was responsible in leading the legislative members in all operations and ...
Example of personal statement on statement of purpose
I would like to learn everything there is to learn about it in order to be prepared for the global economy to face it's challenges and opportunities. I would like to take active part in the seminars and group meetings.
Chapter 1: summary of pages 1 through 16
Success in convincing the audience depends on the writer's trustworthiness.- Aristotelian Rhetoric: Aristotle used the term logos to refer to logical appeals, pathos to refer to emotional appeals, and ethos to refer to credibility. Furthermore, in an argument there needs ...
Psychological defense mechanism
Herod notices the kelvin is unusually talkative and gestures for the jog to start. Also, Kelvin misinforming Elizabeth that they jog for long without stopping and that the reason they take the jog only the two of them while he ...
Treatment of dually diagnosed clients
The second facilitates an understanding of the link between substance misuse and mental health problems and thirdly CBIT aims to give the client the ability to self-manage substance misuse and recognise the early signs of relapse. The therapist found that ...
Good example of essay on factors that can help the achievement gap
Also, it will tackle about the effects of poverty to the performance of students in school and the underlying responsibility of parents and teachers to assist students in this concern. The achievement gap in the area of education is the ...
Erik erikson
The aim of this essay is to select a major theorist and discuss their contribution to the cognitive and social development in childhood. He was influenced by the work of Freud and this turned his career towards the study of ...
Sample essay on theoretical orientation
Hence, the theoretical orientation of this paper is person-centred and developed under the base of the psychological process and how the psychological processes are controlled by the situations or the environment. Therefore, the understanding of the personal theory of counselling ...
What is the evidence that aggression and violence are biologically determined
It is suggested that responses to stimulations are individual and environmental and the causality of brain stimulation and aggressiveness is open to various interpretations. Similarly, the AD is suggested to play a critical role in emotional behaviour, and particularly with ...
Characteristics and behaviors of effective counseling essay sample
In order for the counseling process to be effective for the client the characteristics and behaviors of the mental health counselor must be effective. Paraphrasing allows the counselor to relay back to the client what they understood the client to ...
Reproductive and emotional behaviors
Genetics in most cases influence the sex of an individual, the production of either the X or the Y chromosome results in the birth of either a male or a female child. The responses are adaptable owing to the fact ...
Free job application admission essay example
By choosing the right program I feel that I will be motivated to do my best in this field and also gain confidence. With a high score of in GPA and being the best student in school, I was able ...
Exp 105 week 2
Returning to school is something that I have thought of doing for a very long time. I decided it was time to do something with my life.
Music and its effects on behaviors in teenagers and young adults
The influence of locus of control and aggressiveness of rock music on aggression. The effects of gender and music video imagery on sexual attitudes.
Essay on abnormal psychology
He assisted Michael Scofield to redraw the map on his body in order to facilitate the escape of the cellists. He drew the map again and in the process learned of the plan to break out.
Etiology of eating disorders
The main arguments that the author is making are.[Determine the main arguments the author makes to support their position.] The author says that the eating disorders were not common in the early days and only prevailed in the late 1960s. ...
Siebel’s critical success
The multiplicity of the informative avenues that they provide is very compatible with whatever variety of customers they may come into contact with.- They provide support for all the major computing platforms including mobile clients, connected clients, thin clients, and ...