Compare and contrast the foreign policy goals and achievements of Metternich (1815-1848) and Bismarck (1862-1890) Metternich and Bismarck had many foreign goals in mind. Many of which led to their great achievements. Metternich was a chief constructor of the Congress of Vienna opposed to ideas of liberals and reformers who wanted to return power to the ruling families deposed by the prior Revolutions. Bismarck sought to unite Germany by engaging into wars including the Danish War, the Austro-Prussian War, and finally the Franco-Prussian War. Many of Metternich’s and Bismarck’s goals resulted in their achievements. His most important legacy is the unification of Germany. Both, Metternich and Bismarck sought to bring unity and stability to their nations, but in different ways. While Metternich was hard at work using his diplomatic skills trying to prevent German unification during the first half of the nineteenth century, Bismarck on the other hand was known as the Iron Chancellor, in the later nineteenth century set on to unite Germany through his many wars. I. Foreign policy goals and achievements of Metternich A. Congress of Vienna 1. Metternich was one of the main leaders in the establishment of the Congress of Vienna. 2. The Congress created the German Confederation, replacing the dissolved Holy Roman Empire. It also was composed of thirty-nine states under the leadership of Austria. Austria sought to prevent any step towards a constitution in as many of the independent states as possible. 3. The four major nations of Europe (Great Britain, Russia, Austria, and Prussia) all sought for a balance of power. B. Nationalism and Liberalism 1. Metternich advocated intervention in nationalist and liberalistic movements. 2. He thought that liberal parliamentary government would lead to fighting among national groups and Habsburg rulers. 3. He had suppressed the Italian revolt, hoping to make Austrian influence on Italy supreme. C. Metternich was the leader of conservatism in Europe 1. He guided the course in the Congress of Vienna. 2. He chose the middle course between France and Russia to maintain a balance of power. 3. He was the chief statesman of the Holy Alliance (Russia, Austria, and Prussia) 4. He also opposed German unity II. Foreign policy goals and achievements of Bismarck A. He was a Machiavellian 1. He believed in “ iron and blood, ” which was industry and war. B. Unite Germany 1. The Danish War (1864) a. Bismarck sought for a kleindeutsch, which was a small German solution to unification where Austria was to be excluded from a united German state. b. The Danish lost the war and in the Convention of Gastein, Austria was put in charge of Holstein and Prussia with Schleswig. c. Napoleon III was convinced to remain neutral in an Austro-Prussia conflict. Then a treaty enabled Italy to gain Venetia if Austria was attacked in support of Prussia when war would break out. 2. The Austro-Prussian War (1866) a. There was constant tension between Prussia and Austria over which nation had control over Schleswig ad Holstein. b. Prussians were given orders by Bismarck to act as obnoxious as possible to the Austrians, which caused them to complain to the German Confederation. This was claimed to be a violation of the 1864 alliance and the Convention of Gastein. c. Up came the Seven Week’s War (Austro-Prussian War) leading and defeat of the Austrians and the Battle of Koniggratz. d. The Treaty of Prague ended the conflict where Austria only lost Venetia, which was given to Italy as promised. Now Prussia was the only major power over the German states. 3. Franco-Prussian War (1870) a. It was the last step in to getting the southern states to unite. b. Bismarck was successful in driving France into the war. The southern states joined Prussia to fight against the French. c. In the battle of sedan, the Germans defeated France, receiving the territory of Alsace and part of Lorraine. Along with the territory, Napoleon III was also captured. d. Bismarck had finally united Germany. However, liberalism was crushed since the new state was conservative. The German Empire was proclaimed at the Palace of Versailles. 4. The Dual Alliance (1879) a. A secret defensive alliance made by Bismarck with Austria to provide for mutual aid in the event when either nation was to be attacked by Russia. 5. The Triple Alliance (1882) a. Due to France’s established protectorate over Tunisia in North Africa, the Italians were angered. Bismarck made connections with Italy, Russia, and Austria. This made France to be more isolated than ever. III. Similarities 1. Both, Metternich and Bismarck wanted stability in their nations. Metternich wanted to keep the Habsburg Empire together Bismarck sought for unification of Germany through his many wars in different regions. 2. Metternich and Bismarck desired a monarchy. 3. Both men were conservative. IV. Differences 1. Bismarck fought for liberalism and nationalism while Metternich sought to crush them. 2. Bismarck wanted other countries to declare war without his invention because he never wanted to be regarded as the instigator of wars. 3. Metternich wanted to keep Germany from uniting because he was concerned that the multiethnic composited of the Hapsburg Empire meant nationalism and liberalism were potentially more dangerous than in other countries. Bismarck sought for Germany’s unification at all costs. 4. Metternich was opposed to any kinds of progress, but Bismarck enacted a variety of social programs that were acceptable to the conservatives. Metternich and Bismarck shared similar goals, both hoping and eventually achieving a united state after much deliberation and planning. They also desired a strong monarchy, supporting more of an absolute rule rather than a constitutional government. Metternich was determined to stop any nationalistic or liberalistic movement, being part of major groups against these movements as the Congress of Vienna. Meanwhile, Bismarck was more concerned about unifying Germany by any means including war, eager to pursue any factor that would lead to his nation’s unification. Though these leaders differed and shared many goals, both were able to achieve stabilization of their nations through own process, whether it was through warfare or through compromising.
Related Essay Samples
National bookstore essay sample
The Escolta area was razed during the 1945 Battle of Manila, and the Ramoses rebuilt their business by initially erecting a barong-barong at the corner of Soler and Avenida Rizal. After a typhoon in 1948 destroyed the store and damaged ...
Amendments to the united states constitution
Amendments to the United States Constitution Someone University of XXXXX HIS/301 February 16, 2013 Amendments to the United States Constitution The Declaration of Independence was the creation of the Second Continental Congress. In the preamble of the Constitution, the Jefferson ...
Philippine long distance telephone company
Since 1928, PLDT has faithfully served generations of Filipinos when it pioneered in linking the country's major islands through a reliable " long distance" telephone system and eventually grew to be the Philippines leading telecommunications provider. Mission Statement PLDT will ...
Travel brochure: taiga shield essay sample
Unique Features: The unique features of the region include an active exploration of diamonds, the oldest rock on the planet from the Precambrian era, a relatively large population of the bald eagles, only four hours of sunlight in the late ...
Was the reign of henry vii the financial highpoint of the tudor era? essay sample
Henry wanted to maximise the potential economic wealth of the nation, and he did so in many ways including a major reform of the county's financial administration, support of the gentry class as opposed to super-powerful magnates, and by keeping ...
Morocco a developing country
Indeed, one of the main reasons that make Morocco a developing country is the French Protectorate. Thus, the distribution of wealth in Morocco is unbalanced as we observe that there are the rich, the poor, and a small entity that ...
Compare egypt and mesopotamia
The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers surrounding Mesopotamia and the Nile River, in the middle of the desert, produced two polytheistic, ancient civilizations. The two civilizations views on religion were also affected by the geography of the area, more specifically the ...
Walid hussein
Walid Hussein ESL 251 Essay 5 - Argument Essay The Personal Legend The Outlines * Abraham Lincoln childhood and how he found his personal legend since he was young * How Abraham Lincoln started to follow his personal legend inspiration ...
The navajo code talkers
When we do that, the humblest of us will be serving in that great army which achieves the welfare of the world." The Navajo men felt that this calling to the military was their duty and obligation. Their duty was ...
Culture wars creative writing sample
The Democrats believed in the significance of traditional family values and religion. Culture Wars: The Struggle to Define America; [making Sense of the Battles Over the Family, Art, Education, Law, and Politics].
The role of democratic institutions in the essay
One of the greater thinkers and writers on the subject is the educator John Rawls who has written, " To employ the coercive apparatus of the state in order to maintain manifestly unjust institutions is itself a form of illegitimate ...
Good example of essay on hide & seek: the causes and effects of the caribbean american culture reveal
They have brought with them a different flavor in terms of culture, yet they opt to hide this these in favor of blending in to the norms of the U.S. In terms of Educationally, there is a difference between the ...
Film viewing guide: “babies” movie review
This film captures the early life of humans around the world - I chose to watch this documentary because I was interested in how other cultures parent.- The central point of the film was the development of the babies. The ...
Chinese festival essay sample
Putting the spring festival scrolls up, hanging the lanterns, having reunion meals, having dumplings, sitting up late and waiting for the ring of the New Year are all Spring Festival's customs. On New Year's Eve, every family often gets together ...
46 pages book review samples
46 pages: Tom Paine, Common Sense and the Turning Point to Independence by Scott Liell Scott Liell's book wants to understand ' How did Tom Paine's pamphlets inspire a nation to revolution?' If Paine felt empathy with Americans due to ...
Free the origins of american independence essay sample
Parliament had the ability to enact laws that affected life and trade in the thirteen colonies, but these laws were passed to benefit the British economy and not the colonists. This was seen in the taxes and trade arrangements that ...
Dr. rizal: epitome of the filipino people
The position he now holds in Philippine history is a tribute to the continued veneration or acclamation of the people in recognition of his contribution to the significant social transformations that took place in our country. He suffered hard in ...
Good example of report on money banking and finance to explain the uk banking system
The level of lending is usually dependent on the demand of the funds by the public and on the economic level of the state. If the level of money is properly assessed such that it is consistent with the level ...
Francisco sionil jose – the god stealer essay sample
Philip turned to the man and acknowledged the greeting and to Sam he explained: " That's my name up here and that's why I was baptized Philip". And a pang of regret, of sadness, touched him." No," he said." It ...
Alivia and trump like republicans. trump does
A lot of people in our country do not like trump because of some of his fascist way of doing things. Donald Trump is a lot like Benito Mussolini.
The philippines is beautiful
The most unique country when it comes to culture because of the blending cultures from Europe and America. Conserve our Flora and Fauna specially the species of plants and animals that are unique and can only be found here in ...
Good research paper about rosa parks and martin luther king and the civil rights movement
She went in and paid the bus fair and sat on the seats that were reserved for the whites that was way into the bus close to the center of the bus. The boycott was published in the papers and ...
How the jamestown settlers of 1607 overcame the research paper samples
In 1606, a group of settlers boarded three ships, ' The Susan Constant', ' The Godspeed', and ' The Discovery', financed by the King of England, King James, and they headed toward what they had deemed, ' The New World', ...
The philippine peso—us dollar exchange rate: the impact of strengthening currency
This appreciation may attributed to the increasing inflows of remittances from the overseas Filipino workers, the improvement in portfolio and direct investment, the deterioration of United States' dollar economy for the past two years and the attractiveness of the Southeast ...
President ford
To the 38th President of the United States, his perusal for the pardon power; granted by the United States Constitution, Article II, Section 2, had to do with the ushering in of peace into a hectic time period. For example, ...